Evaluation of IoT-Based Smart Water Leak Detection in University Campuses in Zaria LGA, Kaduna State
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Background of the Study :
University campuses require efficient water management systems to conserve resources and reduce operational costs. In Zaria LGA, Kaduna State, aging infrastructure and manual monitoring methods contribute to undetected water leaks, leading to significant water wastage and increased maintenance expenses. IoT-based smart water leak detection systems present an innovative solution by continuously monitoring water flow and pressure through sensors installed in critical areas. These sensors transmit real-time data via wireless networks to a centralized platform, enabling prompt identification of leaks and rapid response from maintenance teams (Ibrahim, 2023). By employing data analytics and automated alert mechanisms, these systems can minimize water loss and improve overall resource management. Moreover, integrating cloud computing allows for historical data analysis, which can assist in predictive maintenance and long-term infrastructure planning. Previous studies have demonstrated that IoT-enabled monitoring can enhance efficiency and reduce operational costs in various applications (Olu, 2024). This research will assess the applicability and performance of such systems in university settings, considering factors such as sensor accuracy, data transmission reliability, and system scalability. The study also aims to address challenges related to installation in older buildings and potential cybersecurity concerns. Through field testing on selected university campuses in Zaria LGA, the research seeks to validate the effectiveness of the IoT-based solution and provide recommendations for broader implementation. Ultimately, this project aspires to contribute to sustainable water management practices in academic institutions, reducing both environmental impact and maintenance burdens while ensuring the continuous availability of this vital resource (Adeniyi, 2025).
Statement of the Problem :
University campuses in Zaria LGA are plagued by undetected water leaks due to outdated manual monitoring systems, leading to excessive water wastage and high repair costs. The inability of traditional systems to provide real-time alerts results in prolonged leakage incidents, which compromise both infrastructure integrity and resource efficiency. Furthermore, manual inspections are labor-intensive and often inconsistent, causing delays in leak detection and remediation. These challenges are exacerbated by the lack of a centralized system for recording and analyzing leak data, making it difficult for facility managers to implement effective maintenance strategies. Additionally, potential cybersecurity risks associated with IoT devices remain a concern for stakeholders. Therefore, there is an urgent need to evaluate the performance of IoT-based smart water leak detection systems to determine their effectiveness in minimizing water loss and reducing maintenance costs. This study aims to develop a comprehensive evaluation framework that considers sensor performance, data accuracy, system responsiveness, and overall cost-effectiveness. By comparing the IoT system with conventional monitoring methods, the research seeks to demonstrate the potential benefits of adopting advanced technologies in resource-constrained university environments. Addressing these issues is critical for ensuring sustainable water use, protecting campus infrastructure, and reducing operational expenses. This investigation will provide actionable insights into the practical challenges and advantages of implementing smart water leak detection systems, thereby guiding policy and investment decisions in higher education institutions (Ibrahim, 2023; Olu, 2024).
Objectives of the Study:
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To evaluate the performance of IoT-based smart water leak detection systems in university campuses.
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To compare the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of IoT-based monitoring with traditional methods.
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To provide recommendations for implementing such systems in resource-constrained environments.
Research Questions:
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How effective is the IoT-based system in detecting water leaks in real time?
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What improvements in water conservation and maintenance cost reduction can be achieved?
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How do IoT systems compare with traditional methods in terms of accuracy and reliability?
Significance of the Study :
This study is significant as it explores the potential of IoT-based smart water leak detection systems to enhance water conservation and reduce maintenance costs in university campuses. By providing real-time monitoring and early alerts, the system promises to improve operational efficiency and sustainability. The findings will offer a scalable model for academic institutions facing similar challenges, guiding future investments in modern infrastructure and resource management (Adeniyi, 2025).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
The study is limited to evaluating an IoT-based water leak detection system in selected university campuses in Zaria LGA, Kaduna State, and does not extend to industrial or municipal water systems.
Definitions of Terms:
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IoT (Internet of Things): A network of interconnected devices that communicate data in real time.
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Smart Water Leak Detection: Automated monitoring systems that detect leaks through sensor data.
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Real-Time Monitoring: Continuous observation and data collection as events occur.
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